The Death Of The Pregnancy Test Essay - 1080 Words

Many women find themselves in situations that leave them with an unwanted pregnancy and abort their baby. The cause of abortion could simply be a birth control failure, from rape or incest, inability to take care of the child, or in most cases, pressure from others. Whatever the case may be, these women have chosen to get rid of their child, without thinking of the consequences after it is done. After a mother chooses to abort her baby, she will be greatly affected psychologically and could possibly change her and her future family’s life forever. Before the procedure is done, the mother of the child is positive about her decision, unaware of the mental experiences she will be going through. Nonetheless, after the operation is done, the mother will experience personal shame that could result in repressed grief, causing serious problems. The anxiety over the unwanted pregnancy; the drama of the pregnancy test; often, the difficulty of making the decision, then the waiting before the abortion can take place; perhaps protesters in front of the clinic; the abortion clinic waiting room, crowded perhaps with other emotional women and men; the abortion itself—the doctors and nurses, the stirrups, the vacuum or other machinery—then the recovery room; the pain and bleeding afterward. All these dramatic experiences are likely to provide her with indelible memories. A woman may return to them and relive them over and over. (Vitz 1) In other words, the mother of the child could developShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 PagesComputing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic, whereRead MoreThe Effects Of Pregnancy On Women On Illegal Drugs And Women Who Smoke Cigarettes860 Words   |  4 PagesOutcomes of Pregnancy in Women Using Illegal Drugs and in Women Who Smoke Cigarettes was written by the authors; Mairead Black, Sohinne Bhattacharya, Tara Farley, Dorris M. Campbell, and Ashalatha Shetty. The authors objective of this informative journal is the present the obstetric similarities with women who used illegal drugs and those who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. The authors present information that conforms not only the risk of drug and cigarettes usage during pregnancy but increasedRead MoreAmerica s Child Poverty Levels889 Words   |  4 Pages2020. Recommending the following to have a healthy pregnancy such as having a healthy weight, not to use illegal drugs, getting vacc inated, taking prenatal and or during pregnancy vitamins, managing any chronic conditions prior of having a baby, having recommended screening test and controlling diabetes. Birth defects, also known as congenital anomalies, is the second leading cause of death for infant accounted for 20.9 percent of all infant deaths in U.S in 2011 (U.S. Dept, 2016). A birth defectRead MoreEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 PagesComputing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic, whereRead MoreThe Importance Of Prenatal Care843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Prenatal Care Pregnancy can either be the most wonderful time in a woman’s life or the scariest and quite often it is both at the same time. One of the first things that most women do when they become pregnant or even before they become pregnant is focus on their prenatal care. This time in the womb is very important in a baby’s development and taking care of the body is something that is extremely beneficial to the wellbeing of a newborn. Prenatal care is probably one of the mostRead MoreThe Importance Of A Certified Nurse Midwife And An Obstetrician1424 Words   |  6 Pagesand would love to work with the miracle of life, also known as pregnancy and birth. This is why I am looking at Obstetrics. According to webmd.com an Obstetrician is, â€Å"a doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a woman’s reproductive system.† They take care of women during pregnancy in many ways, including monitoring the mother’s and her developing baby’s health by carrying out routine ultrasounds, measurements, and tests. As an Obstetric Doctor, my responsibilities would consist of checkingRead MoreThe Effects Of Preeclampsia And How It Can Negatively Impact A Pregnancy848 Words   |  4 Pagespotentially deadly condition that typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy, in either the late 2nd or 3rd trimesters. It is most simply defined as a condition where a pregnant woman develops protein in their urine, due to organ damage (most often the kidneys) and high blood pressure during late pregnancy. Thankfully, the condition isn’t too common, as it presently effects in anywhere from 3 to 7% of all pregnancies, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Read to below to learnRead MoreMy Body, My Choice1509 Words   |  7 PagesMy Body, My Choice Abortion, the controversial issue that has been in American society for years, the process of removing a fertilized egg from the mother’s uterus in order to terminate a pregnancy. Such a topic has caused the whole world to stop and focus on the rights to an abortion, when should it be allowed, why should it be allowed, and should it be allowed? Currently many states in the US have their own laws for abortion, legal, illegal, and legal under critical circumstances. As a woman,Read MoreEssay about The Moral Status of the Fetus1121 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing, that the fetuss moral status does determine the just or unjust of the abortion, no matter what the situation may be. â€Å"Pro-choicers† believe that there are situations in which abortions are the solution. Scenarios where an unwanted pregnancy happened due to rape is one of them. The idea that rape victims want to abort children conceived in these horrible circumstances is a common myth in the abortion controversy. 2 In fact, rape victims believe abortion would beRead MoreA Study On Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1664 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitution of Denmark invited parents of sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) to take part in the study. Sudden infant death syndrome is the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy baby. There were several aims behind the study. The main aim of the study was to overlook whether smoking was a cause of risk for sudden infant death syndrome and whether the consequence is owed to maternal smoking during the pregnancy or to inhaling smoke from other people’s cigarettes also

Leadership Assessment - 2437 Words

Leadership Assessment Paper This paper is primarily from the conclusions derived from the self assessments that were given through the online assignments for the course. The primary source that was used to measure these evaluations were completed from the Self-Assessment Library: Insights into Your Skills, Abilities, and Interests, book by Stephen P. Robbins, These evaluation tools measured things such as one’s creativity level to one’s optimism. While some of the results were expected, there were some results that completely took me by surprise. I. What About Me? A. What Is My Basic Personality? In the first assessment tool â€Å"What Is My Basic Personality?† the focus was on the five-factor model of personalities which†¦show more content†¦Being optimistic will allow me to treat employees equally regardless of race, sex, ethnicity, etc. This is an extremely important asset because the workplace has and will always continue to become more diverse. G. What Motivates Me? This motivation test consists of three different parts; growth, relatedness, and existence. I scored a twenty on both my growth needs and existence needs. This means that both those needs are substantially satisfied (Robbins, 2007 pg. 27). However, I only scored an eight on my relatedness score, which indicates that that particular part is substantially unsatisfied. That also indicates that need is unimportant. Nonetheless, I feel that the need to learn and growth is important while earning a good income. H. What are my Dominant Needs? The need for achievement, affiliation, autonomy, and power are the four categories that are evaluated in this particular assessment. I scored a twenty-five, the highest score one can possibly achieve in this category, which means that I have an extreme desire to excel and improve on my performance. In the affiliation category, I scored a thirteen which means I have a moderate need to be socially accepted. In autonomy I scored a thirteen, which tells me that I have moderate need to be self-directed. In the final category, power, I also scored a thirteen and that shows that I have a moderate need to influence and direct others. I. What Rewards Do IShow MoreRelatedLeadership Assessment1529 Words   |  7 PagesMGMT 615 Leadership Assessment Mary M. McMurrin University of Maryland University College Final Paper In order for someone to be an effective leader, one would have to bestow certain skills and characteristics or some can be obtained over a period of time. Various assessments and questionnaires are designed to measure and give insight on certain skills or traits an individual may have. Some of those assessments include theRead MoreLeadership Goals : Leadership And Leadership Assessment Essay2082 Words   |  9 Pageson their leadership skills. During the reading and the Leadership Assessment, there are five leadership philosophy s that are most important to today s leaders including creating a sense of responsibility, education, ability to lead by example, giving praise where it does, and understanding. If today’s managers apply these five principles, they will be well on their way to being exceptional leaders. Through these five principles and what was learned in the Leadership Assessment , I was ableRead MoreLeadership Self Assessment551 Words   |  2 PagesLeadership takes on many faces depending on the responsibilities and environments that are available (Rubino, Esparza Chassiakos, 2014). However, some basic qualities are universal to all effective leaders. Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills form part of crucial leadership qualities (Parker, Sakfloske Stough, 2009). Emotional intelligence, basically, refers to the ability of an individual to understand and interpret emotions effectively. The paper is based on a self-assessmentRead MoreLeadership Styles Of A Leadership Style Assessment743 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Styles in Nursing Danny Coughlin University of Louisiana of Lafayette Leadership Styles in Nursing The enclosed information in this paper is based on a Leadership Style Assessment that was printed from a dynamic leadership handbook. I will discuss the results of the leadership style assessment, why or why not I agree with the results and which type of leadership makes the best or worst leader. I will also review a past nursing supervisor’s leadership style and state whetherRead MoreA Reflection On The Assessment Of Leadership And Collaboration1666 Words   |  7 Pagessemester. The first learning outcome is leadership and collaboration. The educators establish leadership by seeking leadership roles and other opportunities to take responsibility for student learning. Mr. Cornutt and Mrs. Morgan work with other educators in their school systems to make sure other educators are teaching the same information when covering similar topics. Both of the teachers will let their colleagues review some assessments to confer that the students are giving accurate statementsRead MoreLeadership Development Pl Assessment1100 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Development Plan: Assessment Introduction What is the outcome of the leadership development plan? Was the plan successful? What could have been better executed within the plan? These are questions that need answers when assessing and measuring the effectiveness of a leadership development plan. In order to effectively measure the outcome of the plan, the correct tools must be utilized. Multi-source toolkits are often utilized to measure the effectiveness of the plan and its outcomesRead MoreLeadership Style and Personality Assessment1290 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 Assignment Leadership Style and Personality Assessment Anioushka G-Saint Cyril HA510 Professor Yu-Wei Yang August 4, 2015 There are many leadership styles and is important to know which style you are. There are many ways one can learn their leadership style, for example, through assessments. Knowing your leadership style will help you become a better leader. Although there are many leadership assessments our text discussed four assessments that can give insights into building blocksRead MoreThe Leadership Self Assessment At The Workplace875 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Findings The leadership self-assessment above indicates own leadership strengths, specifically interpersonal skills. These skills include verbal and non-verbal communication, negotiation, problem-solving, and assertiveness. As a matter of point, interpersonal skills build strong working relationship among employees, hence, improving efficiency in management. Besides, political skills help to manage the organizational politics and reduce workplace conflicts (Hersey, Ken, and DeweyRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Self Assessment1355 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Self-Assessment As you go through your nursing career, you will find that many different theories can apply to everyday situations you encounter. I feel that even though I have been a nurse for 3  ½ years, I am still growing, learning, and taking in all kinds of new information and experiences from other nurses. The two theories of leadership I will evaluate myself on in this paper will be the skills approach and the team leadership theory. The skills approach shifts our focus from personalityRead MoreSelf Assessment Of Leadership Behavior884 Words   |  4 PagesException-Active (MBE-A) this came to me after I reviewed my Electronic Self-Assessment of Leadership behavior. At my current assignment I keep my subordinates and processes in control and I enforce all the Air Force standards as well as local policies in my organization. When it comes to the mission I avoid unnecessary risks and always ensure the mission is complete. My goal for the next three to five years is to improve my leadersh ip effectiveness and become a transformational leader using the five most

Urban Waste Management Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Urban Waste Management. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on the proper an ethical behavior of human beings towards the environment. The literature on socio-technical transitions and the governance leads to the introduction of the latest technologies and the supply systems. As mentioned earlier the following paper tries to deduce the different ways to manage the urban waste. Waste sorting is one of the main techniques that are now being implemented in large cities to effectively manage the waste and tackle pollution (Bueno Latasa and Lozano 2015). The following paper has deduced all the ways by which waste is managed in the large cities and the daily problems that themanagement and the municipality departments face in the absence of an effective waste management system. Characteristics that gets the Urban Waste Management to the agenda and appeal to the media Some of the main characteristics of Waste generation include; The hazardous nature of different wastes can cause serious illness as well as can turn fatal in some cases. This is one of the main characteristics that needs the attention of the media to spread awareness amongst the individuals It is important to segregate different wastes according to their nature. For example solid wastes must be separated from liquid wastes otherwise they will be harmful in nature. Therefore the need for spreading awareness is a must in such cases The wrong methods that are generally adapted by the people must be avoided to promote better health amongst individuals. The reach of the media and the ability to promote the benefits ofwaste management is one of the main benefits that makes media the main source to promote themanagement of urban waste Characteristics that make the Urban Waste Management difficult to appeal the people Some of the main characteristics that make the urban waste management process difficult to appeal to the people are as follows; The failure of the municipal authorities to make the people understand the importance of segregating different wastes The unhygienic process by which waste is collected in some places is one of the factors The people are less aware of the hazardous consequences of specific wastes and thus they are less interested in managing wastes Framing in Waste Management and the Challenges faced A proper and effective framing can be implemented to manage the wastes easily in urban areas. This can start from collecting the waste, disposing the waste, sorting the waste and then recycling it according to their specifications (Meylan et al. 2015). The urban waste management in the modern days can be completed only by proper framing. There are a number of different challenges involved in framing this includes; Improper management of the framing services Absence of proper corporate governance Allocation of meager funds and rapid urbanization Type of Media The media sources that are used to spread awareness amongst the people for management of the waste in a proper, effective and scientific way are as follows; Mass media like Television and radio Print media like newspapers, billboard advertisements Social media like face book, twitter Use of Media and Ways to increase Awareness Mass media plays a vital role in the awareness of household waste management among the different people (Soltani et al. 2015). The more informed a human being is about the harmful effects of an unhygienic environment he tends to be more pro active in adopting different steps in the management of the waste. Mass media helps the society to gain a clear idea on the importance of managing the waste properly and effectively. It is a must to get a transparent idea on the relationship between the media and the environment. Nowadays mass media plays an important role to deliver all the different updates on a particular topic within a short period of time. The broadcast of different advertisements in television and billboards can help the different people to gain a proper knowledge of waste management. However the recent popularity of the social media has changed the idea by which awareness is created amongst the people. Social media presence will be the key to the success of the promotional campaigns in the near future (Meylan et al. 2015). The presence of the different advertisements in social media sites like face book and twitter will help the urban municipalities to connect with the new generation more easily and in the process can get an idea about the proper techniques of the management of wastes according to the rules and regulations. Urban Waste Management and key characteristics Waste is a universal and highly visible phenomenon. The attitude towards solid waste is more often contradictory. The people belonging to the higher sections of the society often view waste as a garbage or a serious environmental issue. The proper management of waste can lead to good sources of income. This is because it can provide raw materials to many of the economic sectors. Waste management forms a vital part of the economy as because there are many waste collectors in the developing countries who collect sort and cleans the wastes and supplies them to the recyclers (Bueno Latasa and Lozano 2015). The key characteristics of waste management are as follows; Waste generation Handling, sorting, storing and processing the Waste Collection of the Waste Processing and Transformation of the waste Transfer and Transporting the Waste Disposing the waste Household Waste Sorting and ways to do it There are different processes to the increase in the practice of household waste sorting. First it starts with the door stepping intervention caused by the increase in the capturing of the recycling rate (Yeomans and Huang 2015). The awareness of the waste management by the household will help in the proper waste management system. The people should be made aware of the different characteristics of the research. The main processes to increase the proper sorting of the household waste lies in the providence of proper waste bins for each of the different people related the particular product. Urban Waste Management as a socio technical system and key Characteristics There are different types of Waste Management concepts which are different from each other in their nature of origin or the countries where they are practiced. Different countries use different technologies to fulfill their waste management. The involvement of the society is a must for the efficient management of the waste. Some of the main characteristics are as follows; Waste Hierarchy- Waste Hierarchy refers to the three different Rs namely reduce, reuse and recycle that defines the different waste management strategies according to their desirability to minimize wastes in the urban area (Edjabou, et al. 2015). Resource Efficiency- The efficiency of the resources projects the particular understanding that the current, global and economic growth and development are not sustainable in nature and the current production rates and the consumer patterns may vary accordingly. Product Life Cycle- The life cycle of a particular product starts with the design and progresses with manufacture, distribution and use of the products through reduce, reuse and then finally recycling the product. Key Problems As mentioned earlier some of the key problems to management of urban wastes are; Lack of strict governance Absence of proper waste sorting Unhygienic methods to collect and dump wastes Conclusion The report has been able to identify the uses of waste management and its proper layoff in the cities. A proper feedback from that of the people of the household will increase the awareness for change in the process of waste management. The following research thus establishes the importance of Urban Waste Management. A thorough analysis of the research helps the readers to get a better idea about waste management and the best ways to effectively manage the waste. References Boykoff, M.T. and Boykoff, J.M., 2007. Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage.Geoforum,38(6), pp.1190-1204. Bueno, G., Latasa, I. and Lozano, P.J., 2015. Comparative LCA of two approaches with different emphasis on energy or material recovery for a municipal solid waste management system in Gipuzkoa.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,51, pp.449-459. Edjabou, M.E., Jensen, M.B., Gtze, R., Pivnenko, K., Petersen, C., Scheutz, C. and Astrup, T.F., 2015. Municipal solid waste composition: Sampling methodology, statistical analyses, and case study evaluation.Waste Management,36, pp.12-23. Meylan, G., Stauffacher, M., Krtli, P., Seidl, R. and Spoerri, A., 2015. Identifying Stakeholders Views on the Eco?efficiency Assessment of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System.Journal of Industrial Ecology,19(3), pp.490-503. Shove, E. and Walker, G., 2010. Governing transitions in the sustainability of everyday life.Research policy,39(4), pp.471-476. Soltani, A., Hewage, K., Reza, B. and Sadiq, R., 2015. Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of municipal solid waste management: a review.Waste Management,35, pp.318-328. Yeomans, J.S. and Huang, G.H., 2015. An evolutionary grey, hop, skip, and jump approach: generating alternative policies for the expansion of waste management.Journal of Environmental Informatics,1(1), pp.37-51.

Lovely People Do Stupid Things Essays - Their Eyes Were Watching God

Lovely People Do Stupid Things Lovely People Do Stupid Things How is love to influence our lives? Love-struck people do crazy things to express how they care for that particular person yet it is a long and windy road to these actions. It is down this path that experience spawns and trouble and happiness are felt. Janie Crawford of Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, shows the road through the steps of her three relationships. These relationships, though not fulfilling ones, conclude in bettering Janie's search and understanding of life. Johnny Taylor, Janie's first kiss and gatekeeper to her future, When Janie was sixteen, she embarked on a sexual awakening. Johnny Taylor was a poor young man who lived in the Florida area. Janie allowed him to kiss her over the fence. Unfortunately, Nanny saw everything. With Nanny's horrendous background of sinful deeds done to her, she wanted the best for Janie. As she saw the kiss, the doors of life opened for Janie and Nanny wasn't going to have her make the same mistakes that she had. Yet, Nanny had been impregnated under the circumstances of being a slave and this was not the case for Janie. Nanny stated that ?black women were the mules of the world?, but she didn't want Janie to be a mule. She wanted to see Janie in a secure situation before she died, and Logan Killicks could provide that. Janie did not want to marry Logan, but she did so because Nanny told her ?that she would eventually come to love him.? Ironically, Logan wanted to force Janie into the servitude that Nanny feared. Also, he was disappointed that Janie never returned his affection and attraction. If he could not possess her through love, he would possess her by demanding her submission. At heart, his actions arose from the fear that Janie would leave him. Two months after her marriage to Logan, Janie visited Nanny to ask when she would start loving him. Nanny berated Janie for not appreciating Logan's wealth. Although Logan pampered Janie for a year, he began complaining that she was spoiled. That night, Logan criticized Janie for being spoiled and lazy. Janie voiced his deepest fears when she suggested that she might leave him. Logan reminded her of her family's reputation, hoping to hurt her feelings. Turning to these drastic of measures blew Janie into a frenzy and she left with a smooth-talking gen tleman that very next day. Janie chose to leave Logan for Jody because he revived her dreams of love in marriage. Her first marriage had taught her that marriage and love do not go hand in hand. However, she still believed that love was the best motivation for marriage. Jody promised that he would never turn Janie into a common pack mule. He promised her that she would reap all the benefits of his work. His words eerily echo Nanny's dream of respectability and financial security for Janie. However, Janie didn't marry Jody because of these promises. She married him because he inspired the feelings she had experienced while sitting under the blossoming peach tree when she was sixteen and the moment her womanhood became crystal clear. Ironically, Janie's marriage to Jody was the very embodiment of Nanny's dreams for her. Unlike Logan, he did not make her a pack mule. He gave her financial security and respectability. However, the marriage was largely an unhappy union. Janie could not be herself around Jody. Moreover, Jody still used Janie as a garbage even though he gave her wealth and respectability. So it seems that Nanny's worst fears and her highest hopes were realized in Janie's second marriage. It was until one afternoon in the store that she met a lofty yet handsome young man who went, strangely enough, by the name of Tea Cake. Tea Cake's courtship was different from that of Logan and Jody. Janie's first marriage was more of a contract of sale between Nanny and Logan than anything else. Janie's second marriage was an escape from the first one. Moreover, it was based on disappointed dreams. Jody courted her by talking about himself and his dreams. Tea Cake, on the other hand, pursued Janie with a more romantic flair.

All About Red Maple Trees and Where to Plant Them

All About Red Maple Trees and Where to Plant Them Red maple is the state tree of Rhode Island and its Autumn Blaze cultivar was selected 2003 Tree of the Year by the Society of Municipal Arborists. Red maple is one of the first trees to show off red flowers in the spring and displays a most magnificent scarlet fall color. Red maple is a fast grower without the bad habits of fast growers. It quickly makes shade without the compromise of becoming brittle and messy. The most endearing ornamental characteristic of red maple is fall color including red, orange, or yellow which  sometimes on the same tree. The color display is long lasting over several weeks and often one of the first trees to color up in autumn. This maple puts on one of the most brilliant displays of any tree in the landscape with a great variety of  fall colors with variable intensities. Nursery developed cultivars are more consistently colored. Habit and Range Red maple transplants easily at any age, has an oval shape and is a fast grower with strong wood and grows into a medium-large tree of about 40 to 70. The red maple occupies one of the largest eastern north-south ranges in North America- from Canada to the tip of Florida. The tree is very tolerant and grows in nearly any condition. These trees are often much shorter in the southern part of its range unless growing next to a stream or on a wet site. This maple tree is far superior to its Acer cousins silver maple and boxelder and just as fast growing. Still, when planting the species  Acer rubrum, you would benefit by  selecting only varieties which have been grown from seed sources in your area and this maple may not do well in the southernmost USDA Plant Zone 9. The beginning of  leaf buds, red flowers, and unfolding fruits indicate that spring has arrived. The seeds of red maple are quite popular with squirrels and birds. This tree can sometimes be  confused with red-leaved cultivars of Norway maple. Strong Cultivars Here are some of the best cultivars of  red maple: Armstrong: Grows in all 50 states, has attractive silver-gray bark, columnar  in shape, spectacular  red to orange to yellow leaf color.Bowhall:  Grows in all 50 states,  somewhat pyramidal shape, very similar to Norway maple, red to orange to yellow leaf display.Autumn Blaze: Plant zones 4-8, hybrid of silver maple and red maple. Identification of Red Maple The leaves: deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, blades 6-10 cm long and usually about as wide, with 3 shallow short-pointed lobes, sometimes with two smaller lobes near the base, dull green and smooth above, lighter green or silvery beneath and more or less hairy. The flowers: pink to dark red, about 3 mm long, the male flowers are fascicled and the female flowers are in drooping racemes. The flowers are functionally male or female, and individual trees may be all male or all female or some trees may have both types, each type on a separate branch (the species technically polygamodioecious), or the flowers may be functionally bisexual. Fruits: winged nutlets (samaras) in a pair, 2-2.5 cm long, clustered on long stalks, red to red-brown. The common name is in reference to the red twigs, buds, flowers, and fall leaves.   From the  USDA/NRCS Plant Guide Expert Comments It is a tree for all seasons that develops into an attractive yard specimen under a great range of soil and climatic conditions. -Guy Sternberg, Native Trees for North American LandscapesThe red, red maple. Native to the wet soils of Americas eastern half, it has become one of the Nations favorite- if not the hardiest- street trees. -Arthur Plotnik, The Urban Tree BookReddish flowers appear in early spring and are followed by red fruit. The smooth gray bark is quite attractive, particularly on young plants. -Michael Dirr, Dirrs Hardy Trees and Shrubs P

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Essay Example

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Essay Example Bsb Versus Sky Tv Paper Bsb Versus Sky Tv Paper Executive Summary British television viewing levels had stagnated in the 1980s due to already high levels of television viewership (3. 5 hours per day) and the rapid penetration of the VCR. This caused broadcast companies like BBC and ITV to look for new ways to spurn growth. The British government tried to allocate three of the five high powered digital satellite broadcast (DBS) channels first to the BBC and then to a joint venture between BBC and ITV. Both attempts failed due to high startup costs in building and launching dedicated satellites. The bidding for these channels was then moved to the private sector in April 1986. Additionally, the use of the untried D-MAC transmission standard that was viewed as a move towards HDTV was made mandatory. British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) was to be the first mover and quickly acquired a 15 year franchise for the DBS channels. BSB planned to start broadcasting by the fall of 1989, investing $500 million and projecting to break-even 4 years later. Sky Television a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation unexpectedly announced its entry into the satellite broadcasting market. Murdoch known for his aggressiveness aimed to start broadcasting from Sky’ leased medium powered satellite by February 1989 becoming the real first mover in the market. This led to an intense battle between BSB and Sky as they fought to gain the upper hand. By October 1990, both BSB and Sky were making combined losses of $10 million per week. BSB’s inability to view the competitive landscape combined with Sky’s aggressive tactics to leverage first mover advantage lead to both companies losing focus on the underlying economics in the launch of what is regarded the second biggest business undertaking in Britain (second only to the Chunnel). BSB’s superior technology has the upper hand long term but, Sky’s overall superior economic model allows it to sustain losses for a longer period possibly outliving BSB’s investor’s faith in the DSB market in Britain. Industry Analysis The British broadcasting business was unable to grow due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the inability to move away from an obsolete revenue model that depended on license or advertising revenue. Pay television that utilized either cable or satellite media was expected to be the next vehicle for growth and with the restrictions imposed on access to cable (available only to remote areas), satellite television soon became the next practical choice. Economics of the DSB business Entering into the satellite broadcasting business was however an expensive proposition exacerbated by a long break-even period. Appendix A details BSB’s business plan assuming no competition (i. e. market share of 100%) in an attempt to determine the most aggressive break-even period. Building and deploying satellites combined with investing in the technology that would allow television sets decipher signals from satellites was estimated to be in the range of $300-$400 million. These numbers point to a ten year break-even given typical British consumer electronics adoption rates (initial BSB market penetration forecasts). An alternate approach at analyzing the economics of the satellite broadcasting business is to fix the break-even period to a reasonable number of years, say 4, (BSB’s initial business plan) and study the consequence on subscriber rates. Appendix B details this analysis in which we find that the typical consumer electronics adoption rate would have to be scaled up by a factor greater than 4. 75 to achieve this reasonable break-even target. BSB’s business plan prior to Sky’s market entry is compared against its’ revised business plan (incorporating effect of market share and increasing advertising and promoting budgets with a view to accelerate sales) in Appendix C and D. Only a well funded corporation that could sustain losses for a long period would be able to make it in this market. Entering the DSB Market In December 1986, BSB, a consortium of five financially sound companies, won a 15 year franchise to the DSB channels in Britain. They immediately set out to raise capital to fund the deployment of two satellites. With the enormous start-up costs and an economic model that expected a market entrant to stay the course of making losses for a minimum of 10 years it was easy to see why BSB refused to view Sky’s movement in the satellite broadcasting business as a serious threat. Sky Television was formed in June of 1988 out of Sky Channel by Rupert Murdoch, of News Corporation. Sky Channel had been using low powered satellite technology for broadcasting since 1983. Although a money loser, this project allowed Murdoch to see the potential for a wider acceptance of satellite technology for broadcasting in Europe. In 1986, News Corp under Murdoch launched Fox in the US and started using satellite technology. News Corp planned for a $150 million in start-up losses for Fox. This prior experience with Fox and Sky Channel definitely gave Sky the upper-hand in understanding the economic of satellite broadcasting and the business requirements. BSB should have expected to witness some activity from News Corp given Murdoch‘s recent success with Fox but when Sky Television was announced in 1988, BSB was actually taken off-guard. Alternative Scenarios for Market Entry BSB on announcing its entry into the DSB market, setout to obtain $222. 5 million in financing to fund the buying and launching of the satellites. It also started the recruiting process that took almost 6 months to find a Chairman and 10 months to find a CEO. The CEO who was lured away from a high profile advertising company was awarded a total compensation package close to $0. million without any link back to performance. A year and half later BSB had only grown to several dozen employees who occupied an office in the prestigious Kensington Park area. BSB did however, understand that making the chip technology work was crucial and obtained an exclusive contract with ITT. Assuming that BSB was aware of Sky’s intentions it should accelerated the ramp up of its operations. Recruiting should have started in full earnest and compensation packages should have been built based performance (e. . successful deployment of first satellite, etc. ) BSB should have contemplated hiring key personnel from News Corporation and other broadcasting companies in the US and Europe who had more direct experience with satellite broadcasting business so as to get a leg-up in the learning process. Given that it had a â€Å"money back† guarantee from Hughes who was delivering the satellites; it should have pursued similar contracts with ITT. Maintaining a low overhead expense would also allow it to stay in the fray longer. Relocating from the swanky Kensington Park area to a cheaper alternate would help in this regard. BSB, although well supported by its founding companies could have also looked at making its economic model more attractive by reducing future capital expenditures. Leasing the high powered satellites from Hughes would have allowed it reduce its cash outlay and stay more competitive with Sky. Lastly, BSB should have lobbied the British Government to block Sky’s anticipation market entry given the underlying economics of the DSB business. Customer Adoption Concerns The rate at which customers would sign up for satellite broadcasting service is based on the price of the dish, quality of programming, value of the investment (is the technology going to change soon? ) and other macroeconomic factors like interest rates etc. The faster customers adopt the satellite technology the shorter the timeframe wherein BSB /Sky would have to incur losses. Moreover, switching costs tend to be high (the cost of the dish) and interest rates in Britain were rising in the late 1980s. BSB’s plan to sell 12† dishes at $250 (which when adjusted to today’s US dollar equals 2,500USD), represents a significant investment from the customer on a technology that is new, un-tested and whose content is unknown. Further BSB’s advertising program that aimed to increase awareness on the technology advantages of D-MAC over PAL further confused customers and backfiring BSB. Most importantly however, was the fact the BSB was the second mover in the market giving Sky the first chance at seizing market share. Differentiation of satellite broadcasting through technology BSB and Sky although targeting the same market, approached the business very differently. On one hand BSB was forced to use the risky D-MAC standard for high powered satellite signals while Sky through its use of medium powered signals was able to stay with the tried and tested low technology PAL system. Given BSB’s use of the D-MAC protocol it had no alternative but, develop chip technology that could decode the satellite signals. This resulted in BSB inheriting additional risk due to the nature of the technology development that was necessary to support BSB’s launch plan. Sky’s use of PAL although not a technology issue from a transmission standpoint posed its own technical concern in that film studios were reluctant to sell film rights given that the PAL signals could not be easily scrambled. While Sky was able to work through the scrambling issue with PAL, BSB found that its project with ITT was behind schedule. This translated into the need for an additional round of financing and the loss of a key supporter, Virgin. Longer term (ten plus years), BSB’s technology advantage should sustain itself. But this is contingent upon them being able to ride out making loses for ten years at a minimum. Short term, Sky’s choice to use PAL makes better financial sense. It will be able to establish a market presence in Britain and experiment with programming and other content as it gears up for launching HDTV (the ultimate technology goal in broadcasting ten years ago)to the broader European market. Staying the course in the DSB market With the entry of Sky into the satellite broadcasting market, BSB was forced to pull ahead some of its marketing initiatives. This was an attempt to educate the consumer on BSB’s product offering and differentiate itself from Sky’s PAL standard. BSB also hoped that the additional marketing prior to the actual launch process would increase the number of future adopters of BSB and induce some Sky consumers to switch. BSB initiated second round financing to allow it to double its advertising and promotion programs as well. Sky experienced very low sales in the six months after launch. This was attributed to equipment unavailability, customer confusion and the acroeconomic climate that existed in Britain. Sky sensing that it had an opportunity to leverage its first mover advantage, setup Project X where dishes were sold through a door-to-door sales effort. They also reduced the price barrier that prevented most consumers from adopting the technology. By selling the dishes through a lease program they were able to win more subscribers (possibly at a loss) and protect market share. This strategy of aggressively seeking customers should pay off for Sky as it boosts programming content and quality. Subscription fees for both Sky and BSB are comparable. It is the initial cost of the dish that creates reluctance on the consumer to sign up. By taking away this issue, Sky will be able to grow market share until BSB mimics this strategy. Recommendations Given BSB’s technology advantage and well funded investors it is possible that BSB could sustain the upcoming losses for some time. However, with the cash flow calculations it is clear there will be mounting pressure to change their business model by reducing capital expenditures by leasing satellites instead of purchasing. BSB should also explore reducing the price of the dish unit or establishing contracts that entice consumers with free dishes but, penalize them for breaking the contract if they cancel or switch. On the other hand Sky with its first mover advantage should build on its market share by investing in programming and using its installed base to solicit additional advertising revenue. Sky should also be concerned about how long it can continue to make losses in its bid to outlast BSB. In an effort to change the game, Sky could use the power of its parent company

Discuss genocide as it was experienced in the Balkans (Sarajevo, Essay

Discuss genocide as it was experienced in the Balkans (Sarajevo, Bosnia, Kosovo), drawing on the readings in Jones Drakulics S A Novel About the Balkans the - Essay Example According to Carl K. Slavic, there are other external factors that fuelled the genocide in Bosnia. These are; public relations firms, the US media, &the US state department. Slavic points out that the ethnic, political and religious conflicts in Bosnia were caused by exclusive national and political agendas of different Bosnia factions: Bosnia Serbs, Bosnia Muslim and Bosnia Croats; all speaking the same language but divided by religion, culture and national visions. (Sells, 1996.) The Bosnia Muslims sought to be detached from Yugoslavia but maintain borders and political structures as it existed in the Yugoslavia federation. Bosnia Serbs on the other hand saw the destruction of the Yugoslav federation would necessarily result to destruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The US and Germany advocated for unilateral and unconditional recognition of the internal borders of Yugoslavia. These different views were the major causes of the conflict and crisis. (Propadovic, 2003) Lack of diplomacy and political agreement resulted to," politics by other means" war. The US and Germany did nothing to prevent the war. This led to a very protracted hatred between the Serbs and the Bosnians Muslims. Drakulic in her novel refers to Seida's parents being a Muslim father and Serbian mother. This was as a result of a propaganda that was making rounds, insisting there were no Bosnians only Serbs and people of Islamic faith. (Askin, 1997) Even before the war, Bosnian Muslims had hired prominent American public relations firms as well as members of the congress and senate. So had the Kosovo Albanians and the Croats. An American P.R firm initiated the 'atrocities stories'. This was later to become very common in the war. Propaganda rent the air during the whole conflict. This fueled violence among the warring factions. A US PR firm actually admits having been retained by the Bosnia Muslims, Kosovo Albanians and Croats to wage a public relations war against the Serbs. This was referred to as info war. (Sells, 1996.) In fact it is reported that the three factions paid a total of $320,000 for six months of work, between June and September 1992, Rudder Finn firm organized various activities on behalf of the Bosnian Muslims . For example, 30 press group meetings were organized and 37 last minute faxes sent. It also organized meetings between various high ranking people on the government of the US including the then vice president and Bosnian Muslim representatives. Rudder Finn considered its greatest success in propaganda as having succeeded in moving the American Jewish opinion in favor of the Bosnian Muslims, Croats and Kosovo Albanians. Osama bin laden Mujahideen forces were also involved and were part of a Bosnian army. (Askin, 1997) The US state department, who were the overseers of the fall of the Soviet Union, wanted Yugoslavia to go the same way. The new Balkan states such as Bosnia and Herzegovina were equated with batalic states, though erroneously. By going this divide and rule way, the US would be able to state its command on the political, military and commercial interest in the Balkans. The state department's goal was to create a weak Bosnia Muslim ruled state. A Bosnia dependent on the US for security, development and political viability. A State that would represent America's interests in the region. This was to be achieved by